E. coli resistance to amoxicillin is high and enterococci are rarely involved, so it was dropped for non-pregnant adults. In pregnancy it stays, to cover the higher risk of invasive group B streptococcus.

No. eTG's September 2025 update dropped clindamycin because of the risk of severe adverse reactions. Doxycycline or azithromycin is now recommended.

No. Since December 2025, eTG recommends trimethoprim+sulfamethoxazole for all water-immersed wound infections, whatever the water. Add metronidazole if the water was contaminated with soil or sewage.

Mosquito exposure followed by joint pain, often with fever, rash or fatigue. Symptoms may persist for months. Treatment relieves symptoms; mosquito avoidance helps prevent infection.

HIV and syphilis. A urine or swab-only check misses these blood tests. Recent exposure can require repeat testing because of diagnostic window periods.

Avoid mosquito bites. There is no vaccine or specific treatment available. Most infections are silent or mild, but severe disease can involve life-threatening brain inflammation.

No. It includes deciding whether treatment is needed, selecting an appropriate medicine and regimen, and reviewing promptly. Reassuring someone that an antimicrobial is unnecessary is also good stewardship.

Those whose mother was unvaccinated or vaccinated less than 2 weeks before birth, and infants at increased risk of severe RSV disease regardless of maternal vaccination.

A ventricular assist device (VAD). The September 2025 revision added patients with these devices to the relevant high-risk cardiac group.

Yes, when HIV risk warrants it, but use daily PrEP rather than on-demand dosing. Hepatitis B status changes the appropriate PrEP approach.

Some recommendations now allow a higher dose given 8-hourly, rather than 6-hourly, to help adherence. Use the condition-specific regimen; do not simply omit a dose.

Check indicated and missed vaccines, age suitability, contraindications and precautions, and intervals since earlier vaccines or blood products. Some people need an altered schedule.

Continuous infusion of the total daily dose over 24 hours is preferred to optimise drug exposure. This is an administration principle, not a substitute for selecting the appropriate regimen.

They are national guidance for public health units responding to notifiable disease events. The collection includes measles and invasive meningococcal disease guidance, supporting consistent public health responses.

Seek documented vaccination history, assess it against age-appropriate national and state or territory schedules, then plan and document catch-up. Discuss the plan with the person or their parent or carer.

Cases have occurred in south-eastern mainland states since 2022, including NSW and Victoria. Prevention combines avoiding mosquito bites with vaccination for people at increased risk.

Prevalence has increased in the wider population, particularly among women of reproductive age. Keep a low testing threshold rather than relying on an outdated risk stereotype.