People with resistant hypertension or suspected secondary hypertension. Remember that many drugs affect the aldosterone-to-renin ratio.

No. eTG now says to keep the GLP-1 or GLP-1/GIP drug going and use a risk-reduction plan to prevent aspiration into the lungs.

Cerebral injury. DKA care must monitor acute complications while correcting dehydration and acidosis, reversing ketosis and gradually restoring glucose and electrolyte balance.

Adrenal suppression can leave the child unable to meet increased cortisol needs. Illness may require hydrocortisone stress cover rather than the usual maintenance regimen; follow the prescribed plan.

Pituitary disease can prevent an appropriate TSH response. A low free T4 plus evidence of pituitary disease should raise concern even when TSH is not elevated.

Osteoporosis. Cushing's syndrome may arise from prolonged high-dose steroid treatment and can cause bone loss, alongside hypertension and elevated blood glucose.

Persistently raised TSH with low free T4. Measuring free T3 contributes little to diagnosing or monitoring hypothyroidism.

Generally ≤7% (53 mmol/mol), but individualise it to the person's circumstances. The handbook's general goal is not an automatic target for everyone.

Type 2 diabetes. PCOS is not only about irregular periods, excess hair or fertility: it also carries long-term metabolic and cardiovascular health risks.

No. Agree an individual target; the RACGP algorithm describes ≤53 mmol/mol (7.0%) as common, while emphasising individualisation.

All are required: glucose >11 mmol/L; venous pH <7.3 or bicarbonate <18 mmol/L; and blood ketones ≥3 mmol/L or urine ketones ≥2+.

Temporarily stop the SGLT2 inhibitor and seek guidance under the sick-day plan. Gastrointestinal illness can worsen dehydration; markedly reduced carbohydrate intake increases DKA risk, including euglycaemic DKA.

Cardiovascular risk, neuropathy, eye disease, foot care and chronic kidney disease are all covered in the RACGP handbook. Glycaemic emergencies are also addressed.

Do not give food or drink by mouth. Oral hypo treatment is not safe when the person is unconscious; emergency assistance is needed.

Check understanding and adherence, whether current medicines remain appropriate for comorbidities, and tolerability, adverse effects and interactions. Revisit the person's individual target.

Assess volume status and measure serum and urine sodium and osmolality. Review medicines and other possible causes rather than assuming every low sodium result represents inappropriate ADH secretion.

HHS features severe hyperglycaemia, hyperosmolality and dehydration without marked ketoacidosis. Fluid and electrolyte deficits are generally more severe than in DKA.

Cardiovascular disease, heart failure, kidney disease, hypoglycaemia risk and obesity are relevant. Also weigh tolerability, contraindications and cost.

Consider the person's cardiovascular disease, heart failure, kidney disease, weight and hypoglycaemia risks, alongside adverse effects, contraindications and cost; do not treat the algorithm as a one-size-fits-all ranking.

A parathyroid adenoma can produce excess PTH. PTH raises blood calcium by affecting bone calcium release, renal calcium handling and intestinal absorption.

A DPP-4 inhibitor. The RACGP handbook advises against this combination. Check both the medication list and current PBS restrictions when selecting combination treatment.

It is a recognised diabetes complication and can affect foot safety. Include neuropathy and foot care in complication assessment rather than focusing only on glucose readings.

Temporarily withhold it according to the sick-day plan. It may aggravate gastrointestinal symptoms and worsen dehydration or hypovolaemia, increasing the risk of acute renal impairment.

No. Vitamin D deficiency often causes no symptoms, although bone discomfort, muscle weakness or tiredness may occur. It can be identified with a blood test and can contribute to rickets and osteoporosis.

Diabetes-related eye disease and chronic kidney disease are distinct complication domains in the RACGP handbook. A complete review should not rely on symptoms alone.